Background: The goal of tissue engineering is to create biological solutions that restore, maintain, and improve the function of damaged tissue. Scaffolds are structures based on extracellular matrix materials that have undergone various treatments. Objectives: This study aimed to prepare polycaprolactone/silymarin and polycaprolactane/tragacanth scaffolds and compare the morphology and viability of PC12 cell lines. Methods: A 7% polycaprolactane solution (dissolved in acetic acid) was mixed with a 0.9% silymarin solution to prepare the polycaprolactane scaffold and silymarin loading, and a 7% polycaprolactane solution was mixed to prepare the polycaprolactane and tragacanth scaffold. Tragacanth solution was mixed at a concentration of 0.7% by weight, and then two scaffolds were prepared by electrospinning. The morphology of the scaffolds was studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the chemical structure of the scaffolds was studied by ATR-FTIR spectroscopy. The biocompatibility of the scaffolds and cell survival of PC12 cells was investigated by MTT assay. Results: The morphology of the scaffolds and their chemical structure showed good porosity and successful loading of silymarin onto PCL and a suitable combination of tragacanth with PCL. The biocompatibility of the scaffolds was evaluated at 24, 48, and 72 hours after PC12 cell culture. Cell survival was found to increase on polycaprolactane/silymarin scaffolds compared to polycaprolactane/tragacanth. Conclusions: From the results of this study, loading polycaprolactane scaffold with silymarin increases the proliferation and survivability of PC12 cells compared to polycaprolactane/supporting scaffold, which may be a good candidate for neural tissue engineering.

Objective: The neurosphere assay is usually used to culture neural stem cells (NSCs). In this system, cells are under the least physical interaction with their environment. Using a more solid matrix might affect cellular behavior in terms of proliferation and differentiation that could benefit selection of cells with different properties. Alginate is a polysaccharide that is used in 3D cultures Here, we evaluated NSCs expansion in different alginate concentrations (0.25, 0.5, and 1%).Materials and Methods: First, NSCs from the E-14 mouse brain were cultured in different Alginate concentrations (0.25, 0.5 and 1%) and a control group. After 5-6 days, the cultures were evaluated for neurosphere growth and the sphere forming frequency was determined for each condition.Results: Evaluating the cultures from different groups showed that neurospheres could grow in all conditions but the sphere forming frequency was the highest in control comparing to the Alginate groups. In Alginate groups, it was revealed the higher the Alginate concentration, the lower the sphere forming frequency. Furthermore, all spheres from both control and Alginate groups could be serially passaged. Comparing the size of spheres, it was evident that the spheres in higher concentration of Alginate were larger than the control.Conclusion: Our study shows that the mechanical effects of alginate 3D scaffold reduce the sphere forming frequency of neural stem cells. At the same time growing NSCs in Alginate scaffold results in larger spheres that could be due to selection of bona fide NSCs in Alginate culture comparing to the control.

It was shown that several bioactive aromatic compounds with biological applications have the furan nucleus watch Numerous significant synthetic compounds include furan scaffold, which offers a helpful therapeutic idea and is found to have strong affinity for a range of receptors, assisting in the synthesis of novel, advantageous derivatives The antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antidepressant, antianxiolytic, anti-Parkinson, anti-glaucoma, muscle-relaxant, antihypertensive, diuretics, anti-ulcer, anti-aging, and anti-cancer effects of furan derivatives make them frequently utilized. Diverse furan derivatives have piqued the interest of researchers. Furan is a colourless liquid that boils almost at ambient temperature and is highly volatile and combustible. Electron-Rich Nature: Furan rings have the ability to engage in a variety of electrical interactions with biomolecules due to their electron-rich nature. This characteristic might make it easier to attach strongly to biological targets like enzymes or receptors, which would affect how they function. Aromaticity: Furan's aromatic properties may give the compounds stability, which could improve their metabolic stability and bioavailability. Numerous natural compounds and pharmaceutical molecules are known to depend heavily on aromatic systems for their bioactivity.Functional Group Diversity: A wide variety of derivatives can be synthesized by simply modifying furan scaffolds with different functional groups.